Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Extract of Medicinal Plant Impatiens Balsmina Fresh Leaves

Sabale A. D^* , Thube K. M , Pawar S. L , Walunj S. R

^*Department of Chemistry, Nutan Arts, Science and Commerce College, Rajapur,Tal-Sangmner, India

Corresponding Author Email: archusabale31@gmail.com

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7089971

Abstract

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Introduction

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles decreases the usage of poisonous chemicals, which might dangerous  to human health as well as to the atmosphere. Nanoparticles represent a particle with nm size1-100nm [1]. Plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has been eco-friendly nature and cost-effectiveness [2-4]. In the present study, we synthesize AgNPs using aqueous extract of fresh leaves of impatiens balsmina as bio reducing agent and is very good bioreductant. AgNPs can be synthesized through several methods including chemical reduction which includes reducing Ag salts by reducing agents such as sodium nitrate or sodium borohydrate [5-6]. Use chemical results adsorption of toxic chemicals. It is harmful and effects its application, so the green synthesis method used to determine the synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by colorimetry and visual observation.

                                 Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized through several methods, including chemical reduction. In this synthesis, the reduction of silver salt is carried out by reducing agents such as sodium nitrate or sodium borohydrate [7-9]. Silver nanocrystals are one of the most attractive inorganic materials not only because of it’s a tremendous application in photography catalyst biosynthesis bimolecular detection diagnostics and particularly antimicrobial activities but also because of their environmentally benign nature [10-13]. The synthesis of different morphologies of advanced silver nanomaterial (nanowires, nanotubes, nanocubes and nanosheets) has been the subject of the large number of researchers in many laboratories. Several methods were used in the past for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles for example, reduction in solution, radiation-assisted chemicals and photo reduction in reverse micelles, thermal decomposition of silver compounds, and recently via bio or green synthesis route [14].

Material and Methods

Reagents that we have used are of analytical grade and used without any further purification. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) was nearly 99.5% pure. Fresh leaves of Impatiens balsamina were collected from the department of botany garden of sangmner college .distilled water were used for preparing aqueous solution all over the method.

Green synthesis method

The procedure of preparation of leaf extract: fresh leaves of Impatiens balsmina collected and wash with water until it is free from impurities .cut the leaves into small pieces and take it in a small beaker. Weigh 10g of these leaves and put them into a beaker and 100 ml of water. This mixture was heated for 20 minutes at 60⁰C meanwhile stir the mixture occasionally and then allow cooling at room temperature. After this the mixture was filtered through whatmann no.42 filter paper and then centrifuged at 81-G force for 20 minutes. The extract was stored in a refrigerator for further use, to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate precursor solution.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles

silver nitrate was dissolved in distilled water to prepare 10nm , silver nitrate stock solution from which series of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm silver nitrate solution were prepared. The silver nitrate solution was mixed with aqueous extract of Impatiens Balsmina fresh leaves at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) volume of 25ml flask.It was wrapped with an aluminum foil and was heated in water bath at 60⁰C for 3 hours .

Result and Discussion

Analysis by colorimetry

The aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Impatiens Balsmina change their colour when warm.

The extract changes colour from colorless to brownish-yellow. Adding silver nitrate , the colour again get changed due to Ag⁺ ions begins to be reduced due to effect of heat and producing Ag⁺ complex . color changes from brownish-yellow to grayish brown indicate the formation of silver nanoparticles. Characteristics of silver nanoparticles appear at wavelength intervals 400-600 nm.

Conclusion

Medicinal plant namely aqueous extract of fresh leaves Impatiens Balsmina can be used as a bioreduction agent to produce silver nanoparticles.

CONSENT AND ETHICAL APPROVAL

As per university standard guideline, participant consent and ethical approval have been collected and preserved by the authors

Introduction

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles decreases the usage of poisonous chemicals, which might dangerous  to human health as well as to the atmosphere. Nanoparticles represent a particle with nm size1-100nm [1]. Plant mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has been eco-friendly nature and cost-effectiveness [2-4]. In the present study, we synthesize AgNPs using aqueous extract of fresh leaves of impatiens balsmina as bio reducing agent and is very good bioreductant. AgNPs can be synthesized through several methods including chemical reduction which includes reducing Ag salts by reducing agents such as sodium nitrate or sodium borohydrate [5-6]. Use chemical results adsorption of toxic chemicals. It is harmful and effects its application, so the green synthesis method used to determine the synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by colorimetry and visual observation.

                                 Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized through several methods, including chemical reduction. In this synthesis, the reduction of silver salt is carried out by reducing agents such as sodium nitrate or sodium borohydrate [7-9]. Silver nanocrystals are one of the most attractive inorganic materials not only because of it’s a tremendous application in photography catalyst biosynthesis bimolecular detection diagnostics and particularly antimicrobial activities but also because of their environmentally benign nature [10-13]. The synthesis of different morphologies of advanced silver nanomaterial (nanowires, nanotubes, nanocubes and nanosheets) has been the subject of the large number of researchers in many laboratories. Several methods were used in the past for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles for example, reduction in solution, radiation-assisted chemicals and photo reduction in reverse micelles, thermal decomposition of silver compounds, and recently via bio or green synthesis route [14].

Material and Methods

Reagents that we have used are of analytical grade and used without any further purification. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) was nearly 99.5% pure. Fresh leaves of Impatiens balsamina were collected from the department of botany garden of sangmner college .distilled water were used for preparing aqueous solution all over the method.

Green synthesis method

The procedure of preparation of leaf extract: fresh leaves of Impatiens balsmina collected and wash with water until it is free from impurities .cut the leaves into small pieces and take it in a small beaker. Weigh 10g of these leaves and put them into a beaker and 100 ml of water. This mixture was heated for 20 minutes at 60⁰C meanwhile stir the mixture occasionally and then allow cooling at room temperature. After this the mixture was filtered through whatmann no.42 filter paper and then centrifuged at 81-G force for 20 minutes. The extract was stored in a refrigerator for further use, to synthesize silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate precursor solution.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles

silver nitrate was dissolved in distilled water to prepare 10nm , silver nitrate stock solution from which series of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm silver nitrate solution were prepared. The silver nitrate solution was mixed with aqueous extract of Impatiens Balsmina fresh leaves at a ratio of 1:1 (v/v) volume of 25ml flask.It was wrapped with an aluminum foil and was heated in water bath at 60⁰C for 3 hours .

Result and Discussion

Analysis by colorimetry

The aqueous extract of fresh leaves of Impatiens Balsmina change their colour when warm.

The extract changes colour from colorless to brownish-yellow. Adding silver nitrate , the colour again get changed due to Ag⁺ ions begins to be reduced due to effect of heat and producing Ag⁺ complex . color changes from brownish-yellow to grayish brown indicate the formation of silver nanoparticles. Characteristics of silver nanoparticles appear at wavelength intervals 400-600 nm.

Conclusion

Medicinal plant namely aqueous extract of fresh leaves Impatiens Balsmina can be used as a bioreduction agent to produce silver nanoparticles.

CONSENT AND ETHICAL APPROVAL

As per university standard guideline, participant consent and ethical approval have been collected and preserved by the authors

Competing interests

Authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

References

• Baker, C., Pradhan, A., Pakstis, L., Pochan, D. J., & Shah, S. I. (2005). Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 5(2), 244-249.
• Guzman, M., Dille, J., & Godet, S. (2012). Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, biology and medicine, 8(1), 37-45.
• Van Dong, P., Ha, C. H., Binh, L. T., & Kasbohm, J. (2012). Chemical synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel-shaped silver nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 2(1), 1-9.
• Banerjee, P., Satapathy, M., Mukhopahayay, A., & Das, P. (2014). Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 1(1), 1-10.
• Ghaffari-Moghaddam, M., & Hadi-Dabanlou, R. (2014). Plant mediated green synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Crataegus douglasii fruit extract. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(2), 739-744.
• Aisida, S. O., Ugwu, K., Akpa, P. A., Nwanya, A. C., Ejikeme, P. M., Botha, S., … & Ezema, F. I. (2019). Biogenic synthesis and antibacterial activity of controlled silver nanoparticles using an extract of Gongronema Latifolium. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 237, 121859.
• Díaz, M., Barba, F., Miranda, M., Guitián, F., Torrecillas, R., & Moya, J. S. (2009). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a silver-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2009.
• Tran, H. V., Dai Tran, L., Ba, C. T., Vu, H. D., Nguyen, T. N., Pham, D. G., & Nguyen, P. X. (2010). Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of monodisperse chitosan-based silver nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 360(1-3), 32-40.       
• Nabikhan, A., Kandasamy, K., Raj, A., & Alikunhi, N. M. (2010). Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 79(2), 488-493.
• Shu, M., He, F., Li, Z., Zhu, X., Ma, Y., Zhou, Z., … & Zeng, M. (2020). Biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using yeast extract as reducing and capping agents. Nanoscale Research Letters, 15(1), 1-9.
• Tian, Y., Qi, J., Zhang, W., Cai, Q., & Jiang, X. (2014). Facile, one-pot synthesis, and antibacterial activity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with well-dispersed silver nanoparticles. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 6(15), 12038-12045.
• Verma, V. C., Kharwar, R. N., & Gange, A. C. (2010). Biosynthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus clavatus. Nanomedicine, 5(1), 33-40.
• Velusamy, P., Das, J., Pachaiappan, R., Vaseeharan, B., & Pandian, K. (2015). Greener approach for synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using aqueous solution of neem gum (Azadirachta indica L.). Industrial crops and products, 66, 103-109.
• Das, J., Das, M. P., & Velusamy, P. (2013). Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract mediated green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles against selected human pathogens. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 104, 265-270.

Table 1

Concentration (nm)	Wavelength (nm)	Absorbance (A)	Concentration (nm)	Wavelength (nm	Absorbance (A)
1mm	400	0.69	4 mm	400	0.75
	420	1.15		420	1.32
	470	0.85		470	0.94
2mm	400	0.66	5 mm	400	0.81
	420	1.17		420	1.34
	470	0.91		470	0.96
3mm	400	0.77
	420	1.26
	470	1.01

Authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

References

1. Baker, C., Pradhan, A., Pakstis, L., Pochan, D. J., & Shah, S. I. (2005). Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles. Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology, 5(2), 244-249.
2. Guzman, M., Dille, J., & Godet, S. (2012). Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, biology and medicine, 8(1), 37-45.
3. Van Dong, P., Ha, C. H., Binh, L. T., & Kasbohm, J. (2012). Chemical synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel-shaped silver nanoparticles. International Nano Letters, 2(1), 1-9.
4. Banerjee, P., Satapathy, M., Mukhopahayay, A., & Das, P. (2014). Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis. Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 1(1), 1-10.
5. Ghaffari-Moghaddam, M., & Hadi-Dabanlou, R. (2014). Plant mediated green synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using Crataegus douglasii fruit extract. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(2), 739-744.
6. Aisida, S. O., Ugwu, K., Akpa, P. A., Nwanya, A. C., Ejikeme, P. M., Botha, S., … & Ezema, F. I. (2019). Biogenic synthesis and antibacterial activity of controlled silver nanoparticles using an extract of Gongronema Latifolium. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 237, 121859.
7. Díaz, M., Barba, F., Miranda, M., Guitián, F., Torrecillas, R., & Moya, J. S. (2009). Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of a silver-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2009.
8. Tran, H. V., Dai Tran, L., Ba, C. T., Vu, H. D., Nguyen, T. N., Pham, D. G., & Nguyen, P. X. (2010). Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of monodisperse chitosan-based silver nanoparticles. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 360(1-3), 32-40.       
9. Nabikhan, A., Kandasamy, K., Raj, A., & Alikunhi, N. M. (2010). Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 79(2), 488-493.
10. Shu, M., He, F., Li, Z., Zhu, X., Ma, Y., Zhou, Z., … & Zeng, M. (2020). Biosynthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using yeast extract as reducing and capping agents. Nanoscale Research Letters, 15(1), 1-9.
11. Tian, Y., Qi, J., Zhang, W., Cai, Q., & Jiang, X. (2014). Facile, one-pot synthesis, and antibacterial activity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with well-dispersed silver nanoparticles. ACS applied materials & interfaces, 6(15), 12038-12045.
12. Verma, V. C., Kharwar, R. N., & Gange, A. C. (2010). Biosynthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus clavatus. Nanomedicine, 5(1), 33-40.
13. Velusamy, P., Das, J., Pachaiappan, R., Vaseeharan, B., & Pandian, K. (2015). Greener approach for synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles using aqueous solution of neem gum (Azadirachta indica L.). Industrial crops and products, 66, 103-109.
14. Das, J., Das, M. P., & Velusamy, P. (2013). Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract mediated green synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles against selected human pathogens. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 104, 265-270.

Table 1

Concentration (nm)	Wavelength (nm)	Absorbance (A)	Concentration (nm)	Wavelength (nm	Absorbance (A)
1mm	400	0.69	4 mm	400	0.75
	420	1.15		420	1.32
	470	0.85		470	0.94
2mm	400	0.66	5 mm	400	0.81
	420	1.17		420	1.34
	470	0.91		470	0.96
3mm	400	0.77
	420	1.26
	470	1.01